Secondary pelvic congestion syndrome: description and radiographic diagnosis
Andrew G. Winer1, Nicholas H. Chakiryan1, Ryan P. Mooney1,
Daniel Verges1, Mazyar Ghanaat1, Atabak Allaeei2,
Luke Robinson2, Harry Zinn2, Erich K. Lang1,2,3
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 7365-7368, 2014
Abstract Introduction: Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a complex condition of the pelvic venous system leading to nonspecific pelvic pain that was initially described in females alone. The underlying abnormalities, though diverse, all result in increased pressure in the left gonadal vein which is transmitted retrograde into the pelvic venous system. Our primary aim was to describe our findings of secondary PCS as a distinct entity from primary PCS in that it has an identifiable vascular etiology and is gender nonspecific. We also aimed to assess the adequacy of late-arterial phase CT urography (CTU) as the initial… More >