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Open Access

ARTICLE

Canopy Microclimate Affect Vine Physiology, Bunch Sunburn, and Berry Amino Acid Content in East–West Oriented Chardonnay Vines

Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa1,2, Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez2,3, Marisol Reyes Muñoz3, Marcos Carrasco-Benavides4, Sebastián Romero-Bravo4, Manuel Chacón-Fuentes5, Miguel Araya-Alman6,*
1 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Cauquenes, Camino a Parral km 4, Región del Maule, Cauquenes, Chile
2 Centro de Investigación e Innovación VitiScience-CIA 250013, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
3 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Raihuen, Av. Esperanza s/n, Estación Villa Alegre, Región del Maule, Villa Alegre, Chile
4 Universidad Católica del Maule, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Laboratorio de Agricultura Cuantitativa y Ecofisiología (LACE), km 6 Camino Los Niches, Curicó, Chile
5 Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Temuco, Chile
6 Centro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
* Corresponding Author: Miguel Araya-Alman. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Berry Fruit Development and Quality Formation)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2026.088464

Received 04 July 2026; Accepted 24 August 2026; Published online 31 August 2026

Abstract

(1) Background: Increasing heat and radiation exposure in Mediterranean vineyards are intensifying the risk of berry sunburn and altering grape composition, particularly in white cultivars such as Chardonnay. Canopy management and shading nets are potential adaptation strategies, but their effects on microclimate, vine physiology, and nitrogen-related berry composition remain insufficiently understood. (2) Methods: This study evaluated the effects of photoselective and conventional shade nets, leaf removal, and an untreated control on Chardonnay grapevines grown in east–west-oriented rows during one growing season. (3) Results: The incident photosynthetically active radiation (PARi) was strongly increased by leaf removal, being 124.0% higher than under the conventional Raschel net, 112.6% higher than under the photoselective black-white net, and 80.9% higher than the control without intervention. The photoselective black-white net eliminated afternoon temperature events above 35°C, although it showed the highest sunburn severity. Leaf removal showed the highest stem water potential values, increasing proline concentration in grapes. The conventional Raschel net reduced berry arginine concentration compared with all other treatments and increased serine and histidine concentrations relative to the control and black–white photoselective net, although these amino acids did not differ from leaf removal. (4) Conclusions: Shading nets and leaf removal differentially modified light exposure, the frequency of extreme heat events, vine water status, and amino acid metabolism in Chardonnay vines trained in east–west-oriented rows. These findings highlighted the need to adjust canopy and shading strategies according to row orientation, as practices that mitigate heat exposure may also produce contrasting effects on berry sunburn and composition.

Keywords

Heat stress; leaf removal; Mediterranean viticulture; photosynthetically active radiation; shading nets

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