Open Access

EDITORIAL

Kevin R. Loughlin
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 729-730, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.085422 - 21 August 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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LEGENDS IN UROLOGY

Gerald Jordan
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 731-734, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.089942 - 21 August 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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REVIEW

Usman Khalid¹, Nikhil Shah¹, Rajesh Kavia², Deepak Batura^2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 735-752, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074820 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Diseases through Big Data)
Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis relies heavily on cystoscopy and imaging. Both have limited sensitivity and accuracy, particularly for muscle-invasive disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for improving detection, grading, and staging by extracting imaging features that exceed human perception. We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between 2015 and 2025. We identified 75 articles and synthesized data from 35 key studies retrieved via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase. Data were synthesized narratively, emphasizing diagnostic performance, clinical relevance, and study limitations. In cystoscopy, AI models achieved high accuracy… More >

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986

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REVIEW

Ren-Peng Yu^1,2,3, Ou-Yang Song¹, Hong Weng^2,3, Yong-Bo Wang², Bing-Hui Li², Hao Zi⁴, Yu Hao¹, Qiang Li^1,*, Xian-Tao Zeng^1,2,3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 753-770, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079426 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Objective: While novel 450 nm blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BLVP) has emerged as a promising treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), comprehensive evidence-based validation remains lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BLVP for BPH. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang database up to 1 September 2025 (an updated search was performed on 31 December 2025). Single-arm meta-analyses summarized the absolute efficacy and safety of BLVP. For the comparison of BLVP with… More >

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REVIEW

Derrick Tsang¹, Ioannis Loufopoulos², Konstantinos Kapriniotis^1,*, Hannah Danbury², Ioannis Manolitsis³, Stamatios Katsimperis³, Senol Tonyali⁴, Patrick Juliebø-Jones⁵, Lazaros Tzelves², Neha Sihra⁶, James Green¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 771-782, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075625 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Ketamine is a potent anaesthetic drug that has been used for decades. Ketamine abuse is an increasingly common problem, particularly among young people. Over one quarter of ketamine users will have at least one bothersome urological symptom, with heavier and longer use leading to potentially irreversible damage to the lower and upper urinary tract. Hence, this study carried out a narrative review focusing on ketamine-induced uropathy pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. It was found that ketamine uropathy is an inflammatory condition affecting predominantly the bladder but also the upper urinary tracts. A hypersensitivity reaction… More >

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REVIEW

Attilio Barretta^1,2,*, Angelo Mottaran¹, Nicolas Carl², Francesco Prata^2,3, Sara Tamburini^1,2, Edoardo Beatrici², Mario De Angelis^2,4, Francesco Cei^2,4, Natali Rodriguez Peñaranda², Francesco Pepillo², Alessio Guidotti², Vincenzo Cavarra², Claudio Brancelli², Pietro Pasquini², Pietro Piazza¹, Cristian Vincenzo Pultrone¹, Hussam Dababneh¹, Lorenzo Bianchi¹, Alessandro Larcher⁴, Alexandre Mottrie², Rocco Papalia³, Riccardo Schiavina¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 783-793, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078354 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Technological Advances and Surgical Precision in Robotic Kidney Cancer Surgery)
Abstract Objectives: Complex cystic renal lesions pose a significant diagnostic challenge in the preoperative assessment of malignancy. Although percutaneous renal mass biopsy is well established for solid tumours diagnosis, its role in cystic lesions remains controversial. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance, safety, and clinical impact of percutaneous sampling—fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB)—in Bosniak III–IV renal cysts. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID CRD420251124563]. PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature… More >

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HOW I DO IT

Giovanni Mosiello¹, Martina Monti^1,2,*, Rebecca Pulvirenti¹, Noemi Deanesi^1,3, Antonio Maria Zaccara¹, Chiara Pellegrino¹, Maria Luisa Capitanucci¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 795-798, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079335 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Pediatric patients with functional or anatomical lower urinary tract obstruction, including neurogenic bladder, require effective bladder drainage to maintain low intravesical pressures, prevent infections, and preserve renal function. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the standard approach, but it is not always feasible due to patient- or anatomy-related factors. In these cases, continent or non-continent urinary diversion techniques are considered. Among non-continent options, vesicostomy has traditionally been used but is associated with significant morbidity and long-term complications. The cystostomy button (CB), originally developed for enteral feeding, has emerged as a minimally invasive, catheterizable alternative for bladder More >

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ARTICLE

Samuel Tremblay^1,#,*, Seyed Sajjad Tabei^2,#, Shima Tayebi³, Benjamin H. Hinrichs⁴, Alon Lazarovich¹, Jason Koehler³, Wei-Wen Hsu⁵, Sadhna Verma³, Abhinav Sidana¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 799-810, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075779 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Non-Radical Treatment for Prostate Cancer: A New Approach)
Abstract Background: Focal therapy (FT) is an emerging treatment modality for localized prostate cancer. However, limited data are available regarding the patterns of oncologic failure post-FT. This study aims to characterize the features of oncologic failure and salvage strategies following FT. Methods: Patients presenting with pathologic failure (PF) after receiving FT (cryotherapy, High-intensity focused ultrasound, or irreversible electroporation) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer were selected from a prospective registry between 2018 and 2023. All patients underwent protocol-based follow-up, including PSA testing, multiparametric MRI, and mandatory biopsy. The primary outcome was PF, defined as biopsy-confirmed Grade Group ≥2… More >

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590

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ARTICLE

Marie-Elise Henckes, Ben Van Cleynenbreugel^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 811-817, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072379 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Objectives: This study aims to assess the precision of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) measurement of the prostate volume when performed by a urologist compared with a radiologist. To date, no prior research has directly compared the accuracy of prostate volume measurements between these two groups. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from 307 men who underwent enucleation of the prostate between 2020 and 2022 in two Belgian hospitals (University Hospital Leuven and Maria Middelares Hospital [Ghent]). A comparison was made between the prostate volume measured on ultrasound pre-operatively and the measured resected volume after… More >

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ARTICLE

Lucas Bergadá^1,*, Jonatan Reyes Olivera¹, Federico Ignacio Tirapegui¹, Christian Cristallo¹, Diego Santillán¹, Guillermo Montelli Yanzi¹, Melissa Segura², José Ramos¹, Ignacio Tobia¹, Mariano Sebastián González¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 819-826, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077406 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostatic Enucleation: Current Evidence and Contemporary Practice)
Abstract Backgrounds: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a widely accepted technique for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Developed in the 1990s, its safety and efficiency have improved with adenoma morcellation. Multiple morcellation devices exist, with oscillatory systems offering higher efficiency and safety. Notable among these are the DrillCut Storz™ (DC) and the Multicut SOLO Jena Surgical™ (MC). Currently, evidence on the efficiency of MC is limited, and no comparative analysis exists between oscillatory morcellators. The objective of this study is to compare the morcellation efficiency (g/min) of the DC and the MC. A… More >

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ARTICLE

Carla Simone Moreira Freitas^1,2,*, Fabiana Rocha-Silva², Thaís Almeida Marques-Silva², Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Oliveira¹, Sérgio Gomes da Silva^1,3,4, Fabrizio dos Santos Cardoso^1,5, Aleida Nazareth Soares²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 827-839, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.069559 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely employed in the management of advanced prostate cancer, with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists such as leuprolide and goserelin being common options. However, pharmacological and metabolic differences between these agents may affect the efficacy of hormonal suppression and adverse event profiles. This study compared the effects of leuprolide (22.5 and 45 mg) and goserelin (10.8 mg) on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone reduction, as well as their metabolic and cardiovascular impacts and the influence of genetic variants on therapeutic response. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted… More >

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234

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ARTICLE

Volkan Sabur^1,*, Abdullah Gölbaşı²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 841-849, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074330 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostatic Enucleation: Current Evidence and Contemporary Practice)
Abstract Background: Recurrent prostate surgery may pose additional challenges for achieving an efficient and anatomically precise enucleation. This research investigates how prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) affects the perioperative course, functional outcomes, and technical difficulty of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) when performed as a primary procedure versus as a salvage treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, 174 patients who underwent HoLEP between August 2023 and April 2025 were analyzed. Group 1 included 137 patients undergoing primary HoLEP, and group 2 included 37 patients undergoing HoLEP for TURP recurrence. Outcomes assessed included enucleation… More >

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ARTICLE

Xiaokai Shi, Li Zuo^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 851-864, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074350 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and pelvic pain. While its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, the prevailing epithelial theory suggests that a defective glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer increases bladder permeability, allowing urinary toxins to chronically stimulate the detrusor muscle and activate mast cells. Current therapies, such as intravesical hyaluronic acid instillation, have demonstrated limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sterile recombinant human collagen type III (rHCIII) in mitigating bladder injury and its histological effects on urothelial integrity. Method: An IC rat model was established using… More >

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405

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ARTICLE

Sri Saran Manivasagam, Joseph Y. Clark, Jay D. Raman^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 865-871, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078196 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Bladder Cancer: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Innovations)
Abstract Objectives: Postoperative ileus (POI) after radical cystectomy (RC) is a common complication that carries significant morbidity. Prolonged antibiotic usage has been associated with an elevated risk of POI. The American Urological Association guidelines recommend that only a single dose of peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis is sufficient. This study aims to evaluate the association between oral antibiotic bowel preparation (ABP) and prolonged surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) (>24 h) with postoperative ileus (POI) following radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program procedure-targeted RC dataset was… More >

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235

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ARTICLE

Samer Shamout¹, Hani Kabbara², Claudia Covarrubias³, Jacques Corcos¹, Lysanne Campeau^1,2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 873-883, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073432 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Background: Onabotulinum toxin-A (BoNT/A) intradetrusor injection is an established, effective, and safe treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) refractory to anticholinergics. Although primary non-response to BoNT/A is infrequent, it remains clinically relevant. We investigated whether baseline clinical, demographic, or urodynamic characteristics could predict non-responders prior to treatment. Methods: A Retrospective analysis of 65 consecutive refractory idiopathic OAB (I-OAB) male and female patients treated with 100 U BoNT/A at Jewish General Hospital between 2005 and 2015 was conducted. Response defined as >30% increase in maximum cystometric bladder capacity (MCBC) at 12 weeks, confirmed clinically and through urodynamic… More >

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ARTICLE

Tiffany R. Huang^1,*, Bruce M. Gao¹, Aymon Ali¹, Mariah C. Hernandez¹, Christopher D. Yang¹, Jonathan Badin-Castro¹, Carol Davis-Dao^1,2, Helen Gao¹, Seyedamirvala Saadat¹, Seyed Amiryaghoub M. Lavasani¹, Sohrab N. Ali¹, Pengbo Jiang¹, Roshan M. Patel¹, Jaime Landman¹, Ralph V. Clayman^1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 885-892, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077477 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Ureteroscopy is the recommended surgical treatment for renal stones less than two centimeters in diameter but often leaves residual fragments, increasing the risk of stone recurrence. Autologous blood coagulum is a potential adjunct to ureteroscopy for aiding fragment retrieval. This study evaluates the efficacy and efficiency of autologous blood coagulum assisted ureteroscopy compared to ureteroscopy and basketing for achieving absolute stone-free Grade A status. Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of our comprehensive UC Irvine Minimally Invasive Surgery Ureteroscopy database consisting of 962 patients undergoing ureteroscopy between 2018 to 2025 identified… More >

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1314

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515

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ARTICLE

Crystal Su¹, Barrett Carley¹, Casandra Gardner¹, Andrea Shepherd¹, Adrian Wagg^2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 893-902, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079016 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Backgrounds: Urinary incontinence (UI) is increasingly prevalent, particularly in older adults. UI management is frequently under-resourced and is associated with the development of potentially avoidable complications, placing a significant burden on the patient and on the healthcare system. This study aimed to estimate the cost of UI-related complications in Canada. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) data and citation mining to identify the prevalence of UI, UI-related complications, and associated treatment costs across each of acute care, long-term care (LTC), homecare and self/family care. UI-related complications… More >

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ARTICLE

Jonathan J. Song¹, I-Chun (Jinn) Thomas², Amber Herbert³, Calyani Ganesan^2,3,4, Alan C. Pao^2,3,4, Timothy Chang^2,3, Ryan R. Sun³, John T Leppert^2,3,4, Simon L Conti^3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 903-912, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074683 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) is increasing among older patients. Data examining the association between patient age and clinical outcomes following surgical treatment for USD are limited. Our objective was to assess the safety profiles of ureteroscopy (URS), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for USD by age in an older patient population. Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent URS, ESWL, and PCNL for USD from 2010 to 2019 in the Veterans Health Administration. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association between age and… More >

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ARTICLE

Liliana Guadagni¹, Marco Falcone^2,3,4, Lorenzo Cirigliano^2,5,*, Ilaria Ferro², Mirko Preto², Natalia Plamadeala², Martina Scavone², Emanuele Zupo², Paolo Gontero²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 913-921, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076284 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Testicular prosthesis implantation (TPI) is frequently performed as part of masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS), but complication and satisfaction data for assigned female at birth (AFAB) men remain limited. We report a single-centre experience assessing postoperative complications, explantation-free survival (EFS) and patient-reported satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral transmasculine TPI (TM-TPI) from May 2007 to April 2025. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications (e.g., surgical-site infection, contamination, hematoma, migration, pain, extrusion) and EFS rate. Satisfaction was measured at 12 months using the 13-item Transmasculine Testicular… More >

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280

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REVIEW

Andres H. Guillen Lozoya, Milad Bonakdarhashemi, Sevann Helo, Matthew Ziegelmann, Tobias Kohler^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 923-930, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075775 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Men's Health: The Latest in Andrology, Male Infertility, and Sexual Medicine)
Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) has evolved from a quality-of-life concern to a recognized marker of systemic vascular disease and an early harbinger of cardiovascular events. The Princeton IV Consensus underscores that men presenting with erectile dysfunction should be presumed at increased cardiovascular risk until proven otherwise, advocating integrated risk stratification and lifestyle optimization. Beyond established risk scores, advances in omics, vascular imaging, and digital health promise precision tools for early detection and prevention. This review aims to examine erectile dysfunction as an early marker of cardiovascular disease and to summarize current and emerging approaches to cardiovascular More >

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2200

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ARTICLE

Aaron R. Hochberg^1,2, Monika Shirodkar³, Brian H. Im^1,2, Xiaoying Deng⁴, Fitsum T. Hailemariam⁴, Sohan S. Shah², Rasheed A. M. Thompson¹, Francisco Aguirre¹, Patrick T. Gomella¹, Mihir S. Shah¹, Costas D. Lallas¹, Adam R. Metwalli^1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 931-941, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.069461 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrating Innovation into Clinical Practice: Advances in the Multidisciplinary Care of Genitourinary Cancers)
Abstract Objectives: Despite practice guidelines recommending hormonal testing for all cases of incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas (incidentalomas), only 30% of patients receive laboratory workup. This study sought to evaluate hormonal testing and adrenal surgery rates in incidentaloma patients seen by a specialist (endocrinologist, nephrologist, urologist, or general surgeon), compared to those not seen by a specialist. Methods: We identified incidentaloma cases by querying the TriNetX Research Network for all adult patients with an unspecified adrenal mass occurring within 1 month following abdominal imaging. We compared those seen by a specialist against those not following an incidentaloma… More >

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ARTICLE

Long Ma¹, Tao Li¹, Ruohao Sun², Quan Du², Dali Jiang³, Dalin He³, Xiaoliang Fu², Nan Li^2,*, Xiaofeng Xu^2,*, Guoxiong Liu^2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 943-950, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.070096 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Objectives: Lasers show promising application in partial nephrectomy due to their excellent hemostatic effect. This study aimed to evaluate the suction effect of the novel laser operating handle on the smoke generated by a 980-nm diode laser (DL) and a 532-nm potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) green laser (GL) in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and to analyse the surgical smoke generated by the laser treatment. Methods: Fresh porcine kidneys were purchased from a slaughterhouse. Electrocoagulation knife (EK), ultrasonic knife (UK), DL, and GL were utilised in LPN. The operation time and the composition and concentration of the surgical… More >

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165

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ARTICLE

Diboro L. Kanabolo^1,*, Noah Roselli², Emily Ji¹, Yashwanth Nanda Kumar³, Neelesh A. Patankar⁴, Ziho Lee¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 951-958, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079668 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Retrograde urethrogram (RUG) remains the gold standard for diagnosing urethral stricture disease, however no widely available diagnostic modality currently quantifies stricture characteristics using cross-sectional area or tissue compliance. We hypothesized that pressure-derived metrics could improve diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment. We aimed to develop an in vitro latex urethra model to simulate “healthy” and “strictured” states and directly measure luminal pressure as an initial step toward compliance assessment. Methods: Ten 20-cm latex tubes were studied; five contained 1.5-cm simulated strictures. All tubes were clamped at both ends to prevent leakage. Strictures were created by clamping… More >

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170

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Alberto Olivero^1,*, Sofia Giudici², Alberto Caviglia¹, Erika Palagonia¹, Marco Nizzardo³, Alberto Quistini³, Andrea Grasso⁴, Ofir Maltzman¹, Marco Colombo⁵, Stefano Tappero¹, Elio Mazzone¹, Paolo Dell’Oglio¹, Aldo Massimo Bocciardi¹, Antonio Galfano¹, Silvia Secco¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 959-965, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076804 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Background: Minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) are becoming an increasingly popular outpatient treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms. Although generally well-tolerated, MISTs may cause periprocedural discomfort. Virtual reality devices (VRDs) have been shown to reduce patient-reported pain during several procedures. This study aims to evaluate whether the use of VRD during MISTs could improve perioperative endovenous sedation needs of a VRD during MISTs in a case-control design. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patient data from MISTs performed between January 2024 and July 2025 at a single referral center (ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy).… More >

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ARTICLE

Lucas B. Vergamini, Pedro Z. Padovani, Nicholas Choi, Wilson R. Molina, Donald Neff, David A. Duchene, Emily Elliott, Colby Souders, Maxton Thoman, Bristol B. Whiles^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 967-975, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078800 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Objectives: In September 2024, Hurricane Helene caused extensive infrastructure damage in the United States, including severe disruption to a major Baxter sterile irrigation fluid manufacturing facility in North Carolina, leading to a nationwide shortage of sterile irrigation fluids used in surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nationwide sterile irrigation fluid shortage on urologic practice across the United States (U.S.) Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey was distributed to U.S. urologists. The questionnaire captured provider demographics, procedure delays, and practice/procedure modifications. Results: Ninety-five surgeons responded.… More >

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ARTICLE

Ting Zhu^1,2,#, Junjie Tian^3,#, Chuan Wang², Zhishang Li², Yanfeng Bai⁴, Shien Rao², Ping Wang^1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 977-987, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077709 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapies for Prostate Cancer)
Abstract Backgrounds: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. While its general clinical and pathological features are well-described, detailed data on retroperitoneal CD—a diagnostically challenging location—remain scarce. This study characterizes the clinicopathological profile, management, and long-term outcomes of retroperitoneal CD. The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of retroperitoneal CD, and to provide practical evidence for its accurate diagnosis and individualized management in clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 59 patients with pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal CD (September 2010–December 2025) was conducted at a single center. Patients were classified… More >

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547

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ARTICLE

Nana Liu^1,2, Jinjin Zhang², Wanli Liu², Xiangbo Chen^2,*, Baoli Li^1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 989-997, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.084512 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), whereas laser-based procedures have increasingly been adopted as alternatives because of their potential advantages in hemostasis and postoperative recovery. This study compared coagulation depth, perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and short-term functional outcomes between 450-nm blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BVP) and TURP. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 260 patients with BPH who underwent either TURP (n = 110) or BVP (n = 150). Coagulation depth was compared between the two procedures using an ex vivo porcine kidney… More >

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153

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CASE REPORT

Alberto Zambudio-Munuera¹, María del Carmen Cano-Garcia^1,2, Africa Navarro-Garcia¹, Jose Luis Martin-Rodriguez^3,4, Miguel Angel Arrabal-Polo^1,2,4,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 999-1005, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077945 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder that may be associated with renal abnormalities, although benign renal manifestations presenting in adulthood are less well characterized. Case description: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with genetically confirmed BWS who was diagnosed with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) during adulthood after imaging evaluation for suspected renal abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and intravenous urography demonstrated characteristic medullary collecting duct dilatation with nephrocalcinosis, consistent with MSK, associated with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. Medical management with thiazide diuretics and potassium citrate achieved metabolic control and stable imaging findings. Conclusion: More >

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CASE REPORT

Ramya Narasimhan¹, Kikuye Sugiyama^2,*, Joanna Wang³, Ricardo Munarriz³, Carmen Sarita-Reyes¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 1007-1017, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072310 - 21 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostate Cancer: Biomarkers, Diagnosis and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The incidence rate of prostate adenocarcinoma in the United States was 112 per 100,000 in 2019. Men aged 65 to 74 years had a higher incidence rate (638 per 100,000), and 70% of the cases were detected locally (confined to the primary site) per the United States Cancer Statistics. While rare, prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis to the penis has variable presentation and potentially atypical histology that may require immunohistochemical, biomarker, and genetic analysis for confident diagnosis. Case Description: We present a 56-year-old patient with advanced prostate cancer post-chemoradiation and androgen deprivation therapy with an uncommon site… More >

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CASE REPORT

Felix Lübbersmeyer, Paula Lindfeld, Margit Fisch, Roland Dahlem, Markus Von Deimling^*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 1019-1025, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076969 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Backgrounds: Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive pediatric bone tumor requiring multimodal treatment. Primary renal ES is extremely rare and often presents with nonspecific symptoms, potentially delaying diagnosis. Imaging aids detection, while histopathological and molecular analyses confirm the diagnosis. Case description: We report on a 31-year-old female who was initially treated for pyelonephritis. As computerized tomography suggested a malignant kidney tumor with an extensive inferior vena cava thrombus, nephrectomy and caval ligation were performed. Histopathology and further staging confirmed primary renal ES, which was subsequently treated with adjuvant polychemotherapy. Conclusions: The present case highlights the variable More >

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CASE REPORT

Jianlin Xie^1,#, Qingwei Zhang^1,#, Jingde Wu¹, Yingjun Ma², Yujie Yan², Xiande Huang^3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 1027-1033, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076571 - 21 August 2026
Abstract Background: Primary urethral malignant melanoma is an extremely rare malignancy of mucosal origin. Its clinical manifestations are non-specific, often leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Due to its highly aggressive nature and propensity for early metastasis, patient prognosis is generally poor. Case description: This case report describes an 81-year-old Chinese female patient who presented to the Department of Urology at Gansu Provincial Hospital with the chief complaint of “a black mass at the external urethral meatus accompanied by urinary incontinence for two months. Physical examination revealed a dark, protruding mass at the external urethral orifice. Imaging… More >

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