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Open Access

ARTICLE

Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity Screening of Anemone nemorosa L. Extracts with Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects

Liliia Tuzin1, Andriy Grytsyk1, Ain Raal2,*, Roman Hrytsyk3, Valdas Jakštas4,5, Vaidotas Žvikas4, Nataliia Dubel1, Oleh Koshovyi2,6,*
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Drug Technology and Pharmacognosy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
2 Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
3 Department of Oncology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
4 Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
5 Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
6 Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
* Corresponding Author: Ain Raal. Email: email; Oleh Koshovyi. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Medicinal Plants: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2026.089037

Received 14 July 2026; Accepted 02 September 2026; Published online 10 September 2026

Abstract

This study represents a preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological screening of Anemone nemorosa L. collected in Ukraine. The aim was to characterize the phytochemical composition of the herb, rhizomes, and extracts obtained using solvents of different polarity, and to perform an initial evaluation of their toxicity, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and hepatoprotective activities. UPLC–MS/MS analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, with the highest level observed in AN-40 extract (obtained using 40% ethanol). Their content varies depending on the plant organ, location, and year of collection. For the first time, amino acid profiling identified 14 amino acids, complementing the phytochemical characterization of A. nemorosa herb and its extracts. The composition of phenolic compounds and amino acids depended on the extraction solvent. The highest total phenolic content was observed in AN-40 extract, whereas the highest flavonoid content was obtained with 70% ethanol. Toxicological evaluation demonstrated that A. nemorosa extracts may be classified as low-toxic substances (toxicity class IV), with no mortality observed at a dose of 5000 mg/kg. Preliminary pharmacological screening using single-dose evaluations in established experimental models indicated anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of A. nemorosa extracts. The extracts exhibited only weak hemostatic activity. Among the investigated extracts, AN-40 showed the most pronounced anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities under the experimental conditions used. These preliminary findings warrant further dose–response, mechanistic, and bioactivity-guided studies.

Keywords

Anemone nemorosa; wood anemone; herb; extract; phenolic substances; hepatoprotective activity

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