Open Access
ISSN:1195-9479 (print)
ISSN:1488-5581 (online)
Publication Frequency:Bi-monthly
The Canadian Journal of Urology (CJU) is a peer-reviewed journal indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science Core Collection) and MEDLINE (PubMed). The journal publishes original research articles, review articles, clinical practice updates, and case reports, and serves as a platform for the dissemination of scientific knowledge in urology in Canada and internationally.
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE): 2025 Impact Factor 1.1; Scopus: Citescore 1.4 (2025), SNIP 0.55 (2025); MEDLINE/PubMed; EMBASE
Effective 2025, the Canadian Journal of Urology (CJU) will be published by Tech Science Press (TSP) under a fully Open Access model. This transition is designed to enhance the journal’s academic impact and global visibility while ensuring an improved publishing experience for researchers.
The journal's aims, scope, and formatting guidelines will remain unchanged. The journal's Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Leonard Gomella, and the editorial board will continue to lead the journal toward an even more successful future.
We appreciate the ongoing support of our authors, reviewers, and readers as we embark on this exciting new chapter.
Open Access
EDITORIAL
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 497-498, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078441 - 29 June 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
LEGENDS IN UROLOGY
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 499-504, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.086225 - 29 June 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 505-514, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072049 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Testicular torsion is the most common surgical cause of an acute scrotum. Manuel detorsion renewed attention as a practical initial treatment, particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature to determine whether manual detorsion offers a viable alternative to immediate surgery in improving testicular salvage rates. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251039489). Studies including ≥30 male patients comparing manual detorsion and surgical exploration were included. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, TR Index, and… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 515-526, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076687 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Urethral stricture disease remains a challenging clinical entity within contemporary urology, requiring interventions that achieve sustained urethral patency while preserving functional outcomes. Established modalities such as urethral dilation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty using autologous grafts provide effective treatment for many patients. However, they are constrained by morbidity, graft contraction, and suboptimal success in complex or recurrent strictures. These inherent limitations have stimulated growing investigation of therapeutic strategies. Among device-based innovations, drug-coated balloon dilation, exemplified by the Optilume™, combines mechanical expansion with localized antiproliferative drug delivery and represents a significant evolution in endoscopic management. Pharmacologic adjuncts… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 527-535, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073355 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urolithiasis in Focus: Integrated Perspectives on Infection, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Contemporary Management)
Abstract Background: Postoperative infections are an emerging concern in endourology. This study reports an outbreak of urinary tract infections associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients who underwent stone removal surgery using flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) at Seoul Medical Center. Methods: Between August and December 2024, five patients who underwent FURS performed by the same surgeon developed postoperative febrile episodes requiring further treatment. Urine cultures from four patients revealed an outbreak of multidrug-resistant PA, prompting environmental cultures and an inspection of the instrument reprocessing procedures led by the hospital’s infection control department. Results: Although PA was not isolated from… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 537-544, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074254 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Nowadays, bladder neck contracture treatment reported is both bladder neck incisions and resection. Also, different energies have been described. This study aimed to describe and compare surgical techniques and energy sources used in Hospital Universitari de Vic. Methods: retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of bladder neck contracture that required endoscopic surgical treatment between 2000 and 2024. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative characteristics were analysed. At the end of follow-up, the patient’s status was asymptomatic, under urethral dilatations, or with a permanent catheter. Results: 60 patients were included. Mean age was 71.1 years (SD =… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 545-553, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073853 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is influenced by a myriad of germline and/or somatic variants estimated to occur in 4.6%–11.8% of patients. Identified pathogenic variants may carry implications for treatment selection and prognosis. Despite the importance of genetic testing, referrals to counselling remain underutilized by urologists. This study aimed to understand referral patterns, testing uptake, and genetic results among men with PCa at a single large academic center. Methods: Records from 2010 to 2022 at Emory University were reviewed to identify men undergoing prostate biopsy and subsequent genetic counselling (CPT 96040). Referrals were confirmed as… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 555-562, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073852 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are common in aging men and are often concomitant. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether Aquablation in men with BPH and early-stage PCa resulted in improvements in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary quality of life (QoL) similar to men with only BPH. Furthermore, we explored active surveillance (AS) cancer outcomes in men undergoing Aquablation compared with a control AS population. Methods: Two prospective IRB (institutional review board)-approved databases were used to investigate outcomes in men with GG1 PCa on AS and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 563-571, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074252 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Mechanisms to Models: Data-Driven Innovation in Urological Disease Research)
Abstract Background: The causal link between mental illness and prostatitis remains inconclusive, largely due to heterogeneity and potential confounders. This study explored the causal link between mental illness and prostatitis in men using Mendelian randomization (MR), and offered recommendations for enhancing future research. Methods: Publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were accessed via the IEU OpenGWAS platform and FinnGen database for this research. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach served as the primary Mendelian randomization analysis, while MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode methods were additionally applied to evaluate potential relationships between prostatitis… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 573-582, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075599 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prevalent among aging men. Whether exposure to internet-derived health information is associated with disease awareness and symptom burden at initial diagnosis remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 400 newly diagnosed BPH outpatients. Participants were classified by prior exposure to internet-derived BPH content. BPH awareness and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, education, and disposable income. Stratified analyses were performed according to educational attainment, disposable income, and content format. Results: Exposure to internet-derived BPH content… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 583-591, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074677 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Under-grading exists in up to 7% of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC). We assessed whether underrepresented race and ethnicity disproportionately increased the odds of adverse pathology at RP in patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 or 7 PC at high-risk for upgrading and/or upstaging at RP based on age and PC indices at presentation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 76,474 patients in the National Cancer Database (2015–2021) with biopsy Gleason score 6 or 7 N0M0 PC. Odds ratio (OR) at RP of adverse pathology defined as prostatectomy (p) Gleason… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 593-602, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070162 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Residual Disease after adjuvant chemotherapy for non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) poses a significant clinical challenge and difficulties in tailored management. This study aimed to externally validate the Heidenreich criteria among patients eligible for unilateral post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for residual masses of NSGCT. Methods: For validation, these criteria were retrospectively applied in 23 patients undergoing PC-RPLND for residual masses of NSGCTs. In patients qualified for unilateral-modified PC-RPLND according to the Heidenreich criteria but treated with fully bilateral dissection, pathological reports were evaluated to identify teratoma or active cancer cells inside the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 603-609, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073929 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urinary Tract Injuries: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management)
Abstract Objectives: Current surgical interventions for pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) are constrained by multiple limitations. This study aimed to introduce the prior exposure maneuvers urethroplasty (PEM-U) in complex posterior anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI. Methods: From February 2018 to March 2023 at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, 78 patients with complex PFUI underwent transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty, 39 patients of whom underwent classic Webster urethral urethroplasty in which bodies splitting or an inferior pubectomy after transection of bulbar urethra (Group A), and the other 39 patients underwent improved urethral urethroplasty (Group B), in which using PEM-U (corporeal bodies… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 611-621, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074502 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition that impairs quality of life; while midurethral sling (MUS) surgery is the standard treatment, intraurethral bulking injection offers a minimally invasive alternative. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intraurethral cross-linked hyaluronic acid/dextranomer (CLHA/Dx, DEXSUI®) injection with midurethral sling surgery in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Methods: This retrospective study included women who presented with stress urinary incontinence to İzmir Bakırçay University, Çiğli Training and Research Hospital between January 2024 and June 2025. Patients underwent either midurethral sling surgery or intraurethral… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 623-634, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076790 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Endoscopic Management of Urolithiasis)
Abstract Objectives: Urinary stone composition critically influences treatment selection and recurrence prevention, yet current intraoperative assessment remains imprecise. This study aims to achieve intraoperative prediction of stone composition by applying a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to routinely captured endoscopic images. Methods: We retrospectively studied endoscopic images from stone-breaking surgeries in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital during 2022-12–2024-12. Images were captured before and after laser lithotripsy. Based on postoperative infrared spectroscopy, stones were divided into five categories. In total, 1780 images (1167 from RIRS, 613 from PCNL) were included and split into training and testing sets at… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 635-642, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072974 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations and Future Directions in the Surgical Management of Urinary Stone Disease)
Abstract Objectives: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has become an increasingly preferred minimally invasive option for the management of kidney stones. However, postoperative pain remains a major clinical concern that may adversely affect patient comfort and recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether intraluminal administration of lidocaine at the end of RIRS could effectively reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. Methods: A total of 61 patients who underwent RIRS between March and July 2024 were evaluated. Four patients were excluded due to residual stones, and five due to a history of cardiac arrhythmia, leaving 52 patients for… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 643-648, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070366 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Decoding Renal Development: From Molecular Blueprints to Reconstructive Innovations)
Abstract Background: Ureteroenteric anastomotic stricture is a common complication after ureteral diversion with radical cystectomy, which leads to hydronephrosis, infection, and chronic renal failure. Although ureteroneocystostomy is reliable, its high degree of invasion often causes great damage and postoperative complications in patients. Therefore, we offer a new endoscopic approach with relatively limited invasion for severe obstructions such as ureteroenteric anastomotic atresia. Case Description: A 65-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion of orthotopic neobladder and standardized chemotherapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Severe left hydronephrosis was then detected due to ureteroenteric anastomotic atresia. Percutaneous nephrostomy was… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 649-656, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.071079 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: The ideal duration of ureteral stents in cystectomy is unknown, with trends toward earlier removal or foregoing them altogether. To reduce the duration of indwelling stents and antibiotics, we modified the cystectomy pathway at our institution from ~2 weeks of stenting with 30 days of antibiotic prophylaxis to stent removal before discharge with prophylaxis ending one day after stent removal. We evaluated rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) and urine leak in cystectomy patients after these changes.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion at our institution from 2016–2022.… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 657-673, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072113 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Mechanisms to Models: Data-Driven Innovation in Urological Disease Research)
Abstract Background: Concealed penis (CP) is a common congenital condition in pediatric urology, and surgical correction remains the mainstay of treatment. The modified Devine procedure (MDP) has been increasingly used, but its comparative safety and effectiveness relative to the traditional Devine procedure (TDP) remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the MDP with the TDP for the treatment of pediatric CP. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. Prospective, retrospective, and randomized controlled studies comparing MDP and TDP for pediatric CP… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 675-684, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070231 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objective: Sambucus nigra (SN) has been found to exhibit strong antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects. In our study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Sambucus nigra extracts (SNe) in interstitial cystitis, a condition in which inflammation plays a significant role in its pathophysiology. Methods: Thirty Wistar albino adult female rats were used in this study. All rats were housed at an average room temperature of 23°C, with a 12-h light/dark cycle, and had ad libitum access to food. The rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 10): Control (sham) group, Group 2 (n… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 685-692, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070417 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urolithiasis in Focus: Integrated Perspectives on Infection, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Contemporary Management)
Abstract Objective: The pressure fluctuations during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) can cause related complications, so precise monitoring and control of intrarenal pressure (IRP) play an important role. This study aimed to assess the clinical value of a Chinese-made disposable pressure-measuring flexible ureteroscope in monitoring IRP during RIRS for upper urinary tract stones <2 cm, and analyze factors affecting IRP. Methods: In this prospective single-arm study, 35 patients (38 renal units) underwent RIRS. Mean age was 42.3 ± 6.1 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.2 ± 2.6 kg/m², and maximum stone diameter 1.6 ± 0.4 cm. Stones… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 693-698, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074059 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Day of surgery cancellations present several workflow challenges that result in delay of care for patients and revenue loss for physicians. This study aimed to further understand same-day pediatric urology surgical cancellations, and the authors assessed identifiable trends for quality improvement over a one-year time period. Methods: Same-day surgical cancellations were prospectively identified at a single tertiary care center, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, from 01 October 2022 to 30 September 2023. Reasons for cancellation were recorded per the parent/legal guardian and categorized as an avoidable or unavoidable cause. Demographic data, surgical rescheduling, and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 699-707, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.071101 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions)
Abstract Background: The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommends transperineal biopsy (TPBx) due to its lower infection risk and higher diagnostic rate for anterior zone tumors. This study aims to assess the learning curve of TPBx using the Perino-Flex® angle-adjustable needle guide under local anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024, involving 100 patients who underwent TPBx with coaxial technique under local anesthesia. Data collected included patient demographics, procedure and room times, pain levels, anxiety scores, and complications. The study focused on comparing procedure times, pain scores, and complication rates… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 709-717, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073769 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally prevalent infectious disease, including in Taiwan. Prostatic TB is a rare manifestation of genitourinary tuberculosis (GU-TB), which is the third most common extrapulmonary form of the disease. However, due to its insidious onset and non-specific symptoms, prostatic TB is often diagnosed late. Case Description: We report a case of a 72-year-old male patient who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and painful scrotal swelling. Following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), histopathological examination revealed prostatic TB. The patient subsequently had abdominal cramping and diarrhea. A colonoscopy detected an ulcer-like More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 719-722, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070415 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: Penile constriction rings are most used for sexual pleasure and the management of sexual dysfunction. However, they pose a risk of injury and can be challenging to remove when strangulation occurs. Case Description: We present a case of a patient with urinary retention and a strangulation injury from a penile constriction ring present for 19 h before initial presentation. Multiple attempts to remove the penile ring were unsuccessful, and ultimately, operative management was required. Conclusions: We describe an effective technique for the removal of a stainless-steel penile constriction ring using a Stryker 505 power revision More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 723-728, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075856 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is most frequently caused by mutations in the AVPR2 gene. Patients exhibit persistent polyuria due to renal insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Chronic high urine output predisposes to bladder dysfunction and upper urinary-tract dilatation, notably hydronephrosis. Although pharmacotherapy can partially reduce urine volume, its capacity to reverse established hydronephrosis is limited. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), a mainstay in managing neurogenic bladder, warrants investigation regarding its utility in CNDI-associated hydronephrosis.
Case Description: A 9-year-old Chinese boy presented with lifelong polydipsia and polyuria, with a peak 24-h urine output of approximately 7100 mL. Renal ultrasonography… More >
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