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Beata Franczyk¹, Anna Bajer^1,#, Anna Bulicz^1,#, Mikołaj Grabarczyk^1,#, Paulina Jakubowska^1,#, Katarzyna Krawiranda^1,#, Natalia Kustosik^1,#, Przemysław Kuzar^1,#, Klaudia Leszto^1,#, Maja Mejza^1,#, Weronika Mstowska^1,#, Jacek Rysz², Ewelina Młynarska^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.075767 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular Senescence in Health and Disease)
Abstract Cellular senescence and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) play both physiological and pathological roles in the cardiovascular system. While transient senescence aids regeneration, chronic accumulation of senescent cells promotes endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. This review elucidates the pivotal role of the immune system in senescent cell clearance and explores how immunosenescence drives systemic low-grade inflammation. Significant emphasis is placed on emerging pharmacological strategies, specifically senolytics and senomorphics, assessing their capacity to restore cardiac function and attenuate atherosclerosis. Additionally, the utility of molecular biomarkers and diverse in vitro and in vivo models is analyzed More >

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Rashid Mir^1,*, Jameel Barnawi¹, Naseh A. Algehainy¹, Mohammed M. Jalal¹, Malik A. Altayar¹, Mohammad A. Alanazi¹, Mamdoh Moawadh¹, Faris J. Tayeb¹, Syed Khalid Mustafa², Abdullatif Taha Babakr³, Umair Manghrio⁴, Jaber Alfaifi⁵, Faisal H. Altemani¹
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.076199 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Epigenetic and ncRNA Biomarkers in Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value)
Abstract Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is one of the most complex hematological malignancies associated with the rapid production of immature myeloid cells and poor prognosis, even with the development of therapeutic options. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm, have drawn a lot of interest because of their capacity to carry molecular cargoes, including DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNAs. Various cells produce these vesicles, which have been shown to effectively transport their molecular contents to target cells via a variety of bodily fluids. This review comprehensively discusses the importance of More >

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783

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Ibrahim M. Ibrahim¹, Shadab Md^2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077548 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bioactive Natural Components as Regulators of Cellular Pathways and Disease Progression)
Abstract Gut microbiota-derived exosomes (MDEs) have emerged as a novel class of drug delivery and are secreted by bacteria, fungi, and archaea in the human microbiota within the human intestinal ecosystem and possess inherent biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity, enabling seamless integration within host intestinal and systemic bioenvironments. This review elucidates the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing MDE function, explaining how their unique lipid bilayer composition facilitates cellular entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis and membrane fusion. This review discusses how gut MDEs traverse biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier and intestinal mucosa, by modulating tight junction proteins… More >

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452

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Aslı Aykaç^1,*, Eda Becer², Ahmet Özer Şehirli³
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077114 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies)
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are driven by complex, multifactorial mechanisms in which oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation (NI) play central, mutually reinforcing roles. Their interaction is mediated through key signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2–Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, and dysregulated redox homeostasis. Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding how Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neuroprotective agents influence these interconnected processes. More >

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Jiamei Wu^1,*, Yuechuan Zhang², Junxue Wu², Chengxin Hao¹
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.071704 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a member of the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus, is an agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and remains a persistent global health concern, particularly among children under five years of age. Although most infections are self-limiting, a significant proportion can progress to severe neurological manifestations such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and fatal pulmonary oedema. Despite substantial advances in research, no universally effective antiviral therapy or broadly protective vaccine has yet been developed. Drawing upon both foundational and recent studies, we evaluate the strength of existing evidence and delineate how these viral… More >

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470

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Bo Liu, Xue Li^*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077797 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Background: As a key glycolytic enzyme, Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is highly expressed in cancer cells, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation/metastasis. This research investigates the involvement of Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 7 (UBR7) in HCC progression/glycolysis and its potential mechanisms. Methods: UBR7 expressions in HHL-5, Huh-7, and HepG2 cells were investigated using Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western Blot. Cell counting kit-8, clone formation experiment, scratch-wound assay, and transwell testing were conducted to assess the malignant biological behaviors of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells; the absorption level of glucose and generation levels… More >

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345

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Marina I. Buyan^1,2,#, Kseniia S. Cherkesova^1,3,#, Anna A. Brezgunova¹, Andrey I. Buyan⁴, Polina A. Abramicheva¹, Irina B. Pevzner¹, Nadezda V. Andrianova^1,*, Egor Y. Plotnikov^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.078925 - 29 June 2026
Abstract Objectives: Metabolic substrate deficiency is a key factor in many pathologies, with organ vulnerability depending on specialized metabolic profiles. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of deprivation stress on mitochondria and cell functions in different cell types and to assess the potential of fumarate, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate, to modulate these stress responses. Methods: We assessed the effects of fumarate on cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential under both normal conditions and serum deprivation in vitro in astrocytes, renal epithelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Subsequently, we performed bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic… More >

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433

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Gang Yang^#, Xiongwu Long^#, Xingchang Fu^*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.075362 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting Inflammatory Diseases with Novel Strategies: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract Objectives: Macrophage ferroptosis is linked to the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis (GA), yet the precise regulatory mechanism needs to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of macrophage ferroptosis in GA and its potential mechanisms. Methods: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals to simulate the GA model. The co-culture system of macrophages and primary chondrocytes (hCDs) was employed to analyze the effects of macrophage-mediated inflammation on chondrocyte degeneration. Results: MSU stimulation induced ferroptosis in macrophages, accompanied by increased methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) expression (p = 0.003) and total m6A modification level (p = 0.0058).… More >

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454

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Kyeong-Min Kim^1,2, A-Rang Kim^1,2, Won-Gu Jang^1,2,3,*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077163 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations in Musculoskeletal Biology, Disease, and Regeneration)
Abstract Background: Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its role in osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic potential of linalool and to examine the role of selenium-binding protein 1 (Selenbp1) in mediating its effects. Methods: Murine MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with linalool under osteogenic conditions. Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining, and expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5). The involvement of Selenbp1 was examined using siRNA knockdown and plasmid overexpression. A… More >

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439

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Xinliang Fu^1,#, Wen Du^1,#, Tao Li², Yifei Shen¹, Ngai-Fung Ruan¹, Huiling Ling¹, Xingbo Wu¹, Ziqi Qin¹, Xiting Zhu¹, Xueqi Gan^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077349 - 29 June 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: MitoROS: Exploring Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress)
Abstract Objectives: Mitochondrial function is intricately linked to osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a critical regulator of mitochondrial function, influencing key aspects of cellular metabolism and signaling. However, the precise mechanisms by which MCU modulates osteogenic activity remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of MCU-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function on bone remodeling and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The mouse pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were treated with the MCU-specific inhibitor Ru265 during osteogenic induction to assess changes in osteogenic differentiation capacity, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, MCU global… More >

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